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SQLite from Python
You need a place to park scraped rows, experiment IDs, or homework grades without provisioning a...
XML data and ElementTree
New APIs often speak JSON, but many regulated corners of the world still ship XML : a bank's rate...
HTML pages as messy data sources
Sometimes the only "API" is a website built for eyes, not for your dataframe: tables repeat for...
requests, JSON APIs, and robust fetching
You write a small script to pull weather or census JSON and everything works until the Wi-Fi...
HTTP, URLs, and the query string (?…)
When you paste a link into the browser or call an API from Python, you are speaking HTTP : the...
CSV files and tabular I/O in Python
Most data still arrives as rows in a text file: someone exports a spreadsheet, a sensor dumps a...
Kernels, baselines, and re-uploading
Kernel methods live on similarities, so honest evaluation compares quantum kernels to strong...
Kernel estimation in QML workflows
Once a feature map is fixed, the kernel is an operational quantity: overlaps, fidelities, and shot...
Overlap, fidelity, and simple feature-map kernels
Kernel entries are overlaps squared—probabilities if you measure the right basis. For analytic...
Amplitudes, tensor products, and phase-only gates
Tensor products multiply single-qubit amplitudes when the state stays separable; that is how you...
Encoding classical data into quantum states
Classical vectors become quantum states through deliberate encoding choices: basis labels for...
Entangling blocks in feature maps
Product encodings keep qubits nearly independent; entangling layers mix them so similarity can...