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wenn: "when" vs "if" – Telc B1
wenn can mean when (repeated or future) or if (condition). Wenn es regnet, nehme ich einen Schirm....
weil vs denn – both mean "because" – Telc B1
weil introduces a subordinate clause: verb at the end. Er bleibt zu Hause, weil er krank ist. denn...
Perfekt: word order in main and subordinate clauses – Telc B1
Main clause: Ich habe gestern das Buch gelesen. Past participle (Partizip II) at the end....
Quantum AI: Variational Quantum Circuits
Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) and similar algorithms use parameterized quantum circuits...
Quantum AI: Tensor Networks with NumPy
Tensor networks are compact representations of high-dimensional tensors that appear in quantum...
Quantum AI: PINN Basics with NumPy & PyTorch
Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) embed a differential equation into the loss function so...
Python: Fibonacci Number
Read an integer n (0-indexed) from stdin and print the n-th Fibonacci number. The Fibonacci...
Python: Count Vowels
Read a string from stdin and print the number of vowels (a, e, i, o, u) in it. Count both lowercase...
Python: FizzBuzz
The classic FizzBuzz problem. Read an integer n from stdin and for each number from 1 to n...
Python decorators: functions wrapping functions
Every time you write @dataclass above a class or @field_validator('name') above a method, you are...
Advanced decorators: stacking, parameters, and @property
Once you understand the basic decorator pattern, three extensions show up everywhere. Stacking is...
Validation vs sanitization: the boundary-first principle
Your ML pipeline does not fail because of a bad model — it fails because someone uploaded a CSV...